Indagu za Nyirabiyoro: Ubuhanuzi Budasanzwe ku Rwanda (1740’s)

Uyu munsi turaganira kw’ Indagu za Nyirabiyoro, umupfumu w’ubuhanga akaba n’umunyakaragwekazi, yabayeho mu kinyejana cya 18, ku ngoma z’Abami b’u Rwanda: Kigeli Ndabarasa (1708-1741), Mibambwe Sentabyo (1741-1746), Yuhi Gahindiro (1746-1830), Mutara Rwogera (1830-1853), na Kigeli Rwabugili (1853-1895).

Nyirabiyoro yari muntu ki kandi yakomokaga he?

Nyirabiyoro yari atuye mu birwa biri mu Kiyaga cy’Ihema, ahitwa mu Mazinga. Kigeri III Ndabarasa ajya gutera Umubari abaho barabimenye, umwami waho atuma kuri Ndagara ya Ruhinda wategekaga Karagwe amusaba kuzahisha Nyirabiyoro ndetse n’umwana we kugira ngo ingabo za Ndabarasa zitabica.

Kubera ubucuti bari bafitanye, Ndagara yemeye kuzabahisha ndetse ategura ingabo n’intwaro nyinshi byo kurwana n’Abanyarwanda mu gihe baba bakurikiye Nyirabiyoro i Karagwe.

Guhisha Nyirabiyoro n’umwana we

Ingabo za Ndabarasa zimaze kwica Biyoro, Nyirabiyoro yahaye umuja umwana we aramuheka burira igiti kinini cyari ku nkombe z’ikiyaga bakihishamo, abagaragu bakajya babagemurira ibyo kurya no kunywa. Ariko mbere yo gutera, Ndabarasa yari yararaguje indagu zigaragaza ko hari umwana w’umwami uzahishwa mu giti kandi na we akaba yaragombaga kwicwa kugira ngo Abanyarwanda bigarurire Umubari nta nkomyi.

Umujinya wa Ndabarasa

Ubwo ingabo zarwaniraga mu mato aho muri ibyo birwa byo mu Mazinga, wa muja wari uhetse umwana bari mu giti yabonye amato ageze hafi y’aho bari bari ashaka kurunguruka ngo arebe aho ayo mato yerekeje. Ingabo za Ndabarasa ziramubona zimurasa umwambi umufata mu mpanga ahubukana n’umwana bombi barapfa.

Kwihisha kwa Nyirabiyoro

Nyirabiyoro amenye ko umwana yapfuye ahungira i Karagwe yihisha kwa Ndagara ya Ruhinda, aho ingabo zamukurikiranye zikamugarura mu Rwanda akaza kuhagwa yishwe n’Ibigina bya Ndabarasa. Mbere y’urupfu rwe, Nyirabiyoro yahanuye byinshi ku Rwanda, ndetse n’ubu hari Abanyarwanda bemera ko indagu ze zari ukuri.

Indagu za Nyirabiyoro

Indagu za Nyirabiyoro yazishyikirije Abami Kigeli Ndabarasa na Kigeli Rwabugili. Dore uko izo ndagu zari ziteye:

Nyirabiyoro na Kigeli III Ndabarasa (1741)

Nyirabiyoro yagize ati:

• “N’ubwo unyise incike ariko nawe ni nk’aho uriyo kuko wabyaye ibigina bitazagira icyo bimarira ingoma. Nyuma y’ingoma eshatu, niho hazaza Rwagitinywa uzarasana inkundura mu myambi n’ibishirira. Azaganza ariko igitero azagaba hakurya y’amazi magari kizamusama.”
• Ndabarasa wari umaze umwanya ajunjamye asubiza Nyirabiyoro ati: “ntacyo Rutamu azaramira ingoma.”

Nyirabiyoro arongera ati:

• “Umunsi se Rutamu yatsindiriwe kuri Sine ikayitera umugeri ikatora iyayo, bizagenda bite?”
• Ndabarasa ati: “Yireke Rusine yonke.”

Nyirabiyoro akomeza agira ati:

• “Uravuga se Rusine mbona rurebera mw’ihembe? Umunsi yacumitanye na Rutamu ko mbona azarutera amacumu akarutwikira mu nzu nk’umugome, rukota ku manywa rugakongoka!”
• Ndabarasa: “Rukara nyirarwo azarusegasira.”
• Nyirabiyoro: “Urankangisha se Rukara rutwariye urumoso rutsinze umusaya? Ko mbona se ibigenzi bifite uruhu rutukura nk’urw’impinja, ese ko mbona ikinyamaswa gihetse ikindi giturutse mu Mubali wa Kabeja azagitsindisha iki? Ese iriya nyamaswa izatera umurizo i Karagwe undi ikawutera i Bunyabungo wowe urayibona? Biriya bigenzi bifite uruhu nk’urw’impinja ko Rukara abirebera mw’ihembe azabigamburuza bizagenda bite? Ko mbona Rukara rwonkereje nyina mu muraru, maze rukagwa igihugu igicuri?”

Ndabarasa yongera gusubiza ati: “Rukara rw’amabuno azime ingoma.”

Nyirabiyoro arongera ati: “Urankangisha Rukara rw’incike mbona ruzagenda hasi no hejuru rukagenda mu nda y’inzovu, harimo ibuye rivuza ubuhuha, narwo ruzagwa ishyanga hakagaruka umurambo?”

Ndabarasa ati: “Rukara rundi azaramire ingoma.”

Nyirabiyoro akomeza: “Urankangisha Rukara rw’igisage rutazambara ikamba rukaraza ariko ntirusamure, maze rukazagaruka mu Rwanda rushaje? Dore nta kabuza u Rwanda ruzarara nze. Ndabona ba bagabo b’urutuku igihugu bakigabije umubambuzashakwe. Ese zirajya he Cyimumugizi, Rwoga, Rwamo na Kalinga! Dore umunsi imbwa zambaye ingoro, ingoma zivugira mu Marangara, ku munsi wa Ngirente, ababyeyi bazifuza kuba ingumba. Ubwatsi bwo munsi y’inzira buzahura n’ubwo haruguru yayo maze arugenge Nyangufi. Ariko ariyimbire kuko amugenda runono Rukara rw’igisunzu rugoreka amagambo. Rukara rw’igisunzu rwambaye utubuye tubengerana ku ntugu azirenza Nyangufi, igihugu akigabire umugore.”

Ndabarasa arongera ati: “Ndabona abasangirangendo baryana ijoro n’umunsi bamwe bashyirwa ku ngoyi. Ruganzu yambuka Akagera ashinga imiganda i Karagwe yunga ubumwe n’abavantara. Ariko Rukara rw’igisunzu rugenda rutseta ikirenge aririwe ntaraye. Uru rugamba mbona ararurwana ahereye hehe? Aragoreka amagambo ariko niyiyimbire ndabona aguye mu mibyuko igihugu gicura imiborogo, intore zigarura ituze, intebe ihabwa Rukirigitangwe rwa Mudatinya akarangwa n’uruziga mu mboni.

Ihumure riragaragara ariko ndabona bacuranwa, abana bose ntibahabwa ijambo. Ndabona Rwego Rukangura-Shyamba afite inkoni y’icyuma mu ntoki. Ndabona imandwa zisatira ku mulinzi zisakabaka. Ese ko ntabona uyoboye imihango umukuru ngombwa arava he? Ndabona Rukirigitangwe rwa Mudatinya ashinze icumu i Bunyabungo bavuga amacumu abakuru b’ingabo. Ndabona i Karagwe habaye ingaruzwamuheto abavuzi b’amacumu barizihirwa. Ko mbona se u Rwanda rushubijwe bene rwo ariko umwezi ntutambe? Ko mbona Rutuku agaruye induru impundu zikabura?”

Nyirabiyoro akomeza agira ati: “Dore ubwatsi bwo munsi y’inzira bwongeye guhura n’ubwo haruguru yayo ariko ndabona Rugili mu nda y’inyoni ahageze aramira ingoma bamuha ijambo atangariza bose ati u Rwanda ndarubogoye. Maze u Rwanda rutemba amata n’ubuki.”

Nyirabiyoro na Kigeli IV Rwabugili (1880)

Ku ngoma ya Kigeli IV Rwabugili, wari warasimbuye Mutara II Rwogera, NYIRABIYORO akiri umupfumu w’umuhanga, Icyo gihe (ahagana mu w’ 1880), igihugu cyari gifite ibibazo ku nkiko, ikirwa cy’Ijwi cyarigometse gitegekwa n’uwitwa NKUNDIYE wa KABEGO. Igihugu cyali gifite ibibazo ku nkiko, ikirwa cy’Ijwi cyarigometse, gitegekwa na NKUNDIYE wa KABEGO.

Mu Ndorwa no mu Bunyabungo barigometse, imyaka itakera mu buryo bushimishije, u Rwanda ubona rwugarijwe n’akaga. KIGELI IV RWABUGILI atumiza NYIRABIYORO ngo ahanure intsinzi y’ako kaga; Kubera ko RWABUGILI yateguraga gutera Ijwi mu Ndorwa n’Ubunyabungo akahagarura, NYIRABIYORO amuragurira ko azabatsinda.

Amubwira n’amaza, amumenyesha ko ingoma izahinduka mu gihe kitari kure, abana be RUTALINDWA na MUSINGA bakayirwanira bigacika ku Rucunshu. Koko rero ahagana mu mpera z’umwaka w’1896 MIBAMBWE RUTALINDWA yimye ingoma (RWABUGILI amaze gutanga) bamuha KANJOGERA (nyina wa YUHI MUSINGA) ho umugabekazi, bafata izina ry’ubutegetsi NYIRAMIBAMBWE. Yari afite basaza be KABARE na RUHINANKIKO, bagambiriye kwambura ingoma MIBAMBWE RUTALINDWA, bakayiha mwishywa wabo YUHI MUSINGA. Niko byagenze rero maze bafatanyije na mushiki wabo KANJOGERA, bararikoroza ku Rucunshu, bica RUTALINDWA, YUHI MUSINGA yima ingoma, nyina aba umugabekazi ku izina rya NYIRAYUHI.

Nyirabiyoro yaraguriye Rwabugili kandi iby’umwaduko w’abazungu n’ibintu bizawukurikira, avuga ko Nyangufi azicwa na Rukara rw’igisunzu rugenda ruseta ikirenge, ruzateza u Rwanda akaga umunsi ruzagwa mu mibyuko, amaraso akameneka ari menshi.

Nyirabiyoro yasohoye indagu ze agira ati: “Bazaza abagabo b’urutuku rwera, bitwaje imyuko kandi bagenda bicaye. Bazakigabira umubambuzashakwe. Zirajya he Cyimumugizi, Rwoga, Rwamo na Kalinga? Umunsi imbwa zambaye ingoro, ingoma zivugira mu Marangara, ku munsi wa Ngirente, ababyeyi bazifuza kuba ingumba, ubwatsi bwo mu nsi y’inzira buzahura n’ubwo haruguru.”

Nyirabiyoro yakomeje abwira Kigeli ati: “NYANGUFI uzambura ubutegetsi abanyiginya umunsi imbwa zambaye ingoro ingoma zikavugira mu Marangara. Aragura ko Nyangufi azicwa na RUKARA rw’igisunzu rugenda ruseta ikirenge, ruzateza u Rwanda akaga umunsi ruzagwa mu mibyuko, amaraso akameneka ari menshi. NYIRABIYORO abwira KIGELI ati: “Koko uri KIGELI kigera ikirenge mu cya RWOGERA”. Uragura inkiko uganza u Murera, uragaruza mu Bushubi no mu Bishugi, uragenga u Buhoma, mu Buberuka no mu Bwanacyambwe, urahaca ibiraro, Nyaruguru no mu Buganza bagatura amahoro, Urarwagura u Rwanda nyamara urakorera ubusa

RWABUGILI, yireke Rusine yonke. Rusine rw’incike ruzima inka rutazibyarira ruzagenda hasi no hejuru, maze rukazagwa igihugu igicuri ? Dore bazaza abagabo b’urutuku rwera, bitwaje imyuko kandi bagenda bicaye. Bazakigabira umubambuzashakwe. Zirajya hehe Cyimumugizi, Rwoga, Rwamo na Kalinga. Umunsi imbwa zambaye ingoro, ingoma zivugira mu Marangara, ku munsi wa Ngirente, ababyeyi bazifuza kuba ingumba, ubwatsi bwo mu nsi y’inzira buzahura n’ubwo haruguru. U Rwanda ruzahabwa Nyangufi.

Azamugenda runono Rukara rw ‘igisunzu ruvuga rugoreka amagambo. Ruzamwirenza Rukara rwambaye utubuye ku ntugu, igihugu rukigabize umugore. Ariko urugo ruvuga umugore ruvuga umuhoro. Dore abasangirangendo bararyana ijoro n’umunsi. Bamwe bashyizwe ku ngoyi Ruganzu yambuka akagera, ashinga imiganda ishyanga, afatana urunana n’abavantara. Dore Rukara rw’igisunzu rugenda ruseta ikirenge aririwe ntaraye.

Uru rugamba mubona ararutsinda ate ? Inkiko zirugarijwe. Aragoreka amagambo ariko niyihimbire. Dore bazamutsinda mu mibyuko igihugu gicure imiborogo. Intore zizagarura ituze intebe zizicazeho Rukirigitangwe rwa Mudatinya umugabo wambaye uruziga mu mboni. Ihumure riragaragara ariko se ko mbona bacuranwa abana bose ntibahabwe ijambo? Dore Rwego rukangura-shyamba azuye umugara.

Ese izi mandwa ko mbona zisatiye ku Murinzi ,zisakabaka umukuru-ngombwa azayobora imihango ate ? Ndabona umugabo usheshe akanguhe uvuga isi igatigita ababyeyi bakamuha impundu. Dore yegereye ku murinzi Ruterandongozi. Ashagawe n’abaturage ibihumbi n’ibihumbagiza. Ndabona Rutuku amusanga afashe uruboho mu ntoki, afashe ijambo ahumuriza abaturage, impundu zivuga urwanaga.

Indagu igeze aha Rwabugili wali wicaye ku gisasiro igihe Nyirabiyoro yamuhanuriraga ibi byose. Yasabye ko yabanza akibambika, yaza kwibambura umunyakaragwekazi akagumya kumubwira ibisigaye, akamubwira n’intsinzi. Nyirabiyoro abanyagikari bamujyanye kumutegurira aho aryama, Umwe muri bo asubiye gufata amategeko ku mwami, asanga Rwabugili ameze nk’ubabaye kubera indagu Nyirabiyoro yari amaze kumugezaho. Uwo munyagikari asohoka atekereza ati uriya mugore usize arakaje umwami akoze ishyano, Amucumita ikimito mu rwano amwica atarangirije Kigeli indagu, ubucurabwenge bwari busigaye bubura butyo.

Izi ndagu za Nyirabiyoro zifite uburemere bwinshi mu mateka y’u Rwanda, kuko zagaragaje uburyo isi yari imeze icyo gihe ndetse n’imibereho y’abantu muri icyo gihe.

Itongo rya Nyirabiyoro mu Mubari

Mu Mubari, ari ho mu Mazinga, ni igice cy’u Rwanda kiri mu Burasirazuba bwarwo, ubu akaba ari mu cyanya cy’Akagera. Umubari wigaruriwe n’u Rwanda ku ngoma ya Cyirima II Rujugira, bikozwe n’umuhungu we Ndabarasa. Icyo gihe Umubari cyari igihugu kigenga cyategekwaga n’umwami witwaga Biyoro, umugabekazi ari we nyina ari Nyirabiyoro.

Ariko hari n’abavuga ko u Rwanda rwaba rwarigaruriye u Mubari Cyirima Rujugira atakiriho, icyakora bakemeza ko umuhungu we Kigeri III Ndabarasa ari we wawigaruriye koko amaze kuba umwami.

Kwigarurira Umubari

Ndabarasa yigarurira u Mubari yari yatabaranye na Kamari ka Gahurira bafite imitwe itanu y’ingabo. Hamaze kwigarurirwa n’u Rwanda, mu Mubari hagiye huma buhoro buhoro, abaturage na bo bagenda basuhuka, u Rwanda ntirwaba rukihaha agaciro kanini.

Icyerekezo cy’Umubari mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20

Ni yo mpamvu nubwo hari hafashwe na Kigeri III Ndabarasa, Umubari wakomeje kuba impugu yigenga kugeza mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20, u Rwanda rwongera kuwutegeka nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose.