Intambara yo Ku Rucunshu: Ihinduka Rikomeye mu Mateka y’u Rwanda

Intambara yo Ku Rucunshu, izwi kandi nka Coup ya Rucunshu, yabaye ihirika rya mbere ry’ubutegetsi mu mateka y’u Rwanda ryabaye ahagana mu 1896. Iki gikorwa cyarangije ingoma y’Umwami Rutarindwa ndetse gituma Yuhi V Musinga atangira kuba umwami mushya. Iyi ntambara yabanjirijwe n’ibibazo bikomeye mu ubutegetsi ndetse no mu buzima busanzwe mu gihugu, ifkaba kandi yaragize ingaruka zikomeye ku hazaza h’ingoma.

Uko Intambara yo Ku Rucunshu Yatangiye

U Rwanda rwabayeho impinduka zikomeye mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19. Umwami Rwabugiri, wayoboye kuva mu 1867 kugeza mu 1895, yashyizeho ubutegetsi bw’icyitegererezo ndetse n’ubuyobozi bukomeye. Imbaraga ze zo gushyira hamwe no kongera ubutaka bw’ubwami byazanye igihe cy’amahoro n’iterambere. Ariko urupfu rwe mu 1895 rwateje intambara y’ubutegetsi hagati y’abamukomokaho, bikarangira ari cyo gitero cyo ku Rucunshu.

Muri icyo gihe, u Rwanda rwari igihugu gifite ubuyobozi bukomeye cyane. Ubuyobozi bw’umwami Rwabugiri bwari ingenzi mu kugumya amategeko no kugenzura uturere dutandukanye tw’ubwami. Urupfu rwe rwasize icyuho mu butegetsi, maze amakimbirane akomeye mu muryango w’ibwami atangira kwigaragaza. Kubura umuyobozi ukomeye byateje ikibazo cy’ubutegetsi ndetse n’intambara mu gihugu, bikaba ari byo byateye igitero ku Rucunshu.

Abagize uruhare rukomeye mu Intambara yo Ku Rucunshu

• Umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugiri: Umwami w’u Rwanda mbere y’igitero. Yari azwiho kuba afite imbaraga z’uburwanashyaka no gushyira hamwe ubuyobozi bw’igihugu. Urupfu rwe rwasize icyuho cy’ubutegetsi cyateye intambara.
• Rutarindwa: Uwasimbuye Rwabugiri, wahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’amakimbirane mu ngoma ye. Ingoma ye yari ngufi kubera intambara y’ubutegetsi n’icyo gitero.
• Kanjogera: Umwamikazi w’umubyeyi ufite imbaraga n’icyubahiro mu nzu y’ingenzi. Yagize uruhare rukomeye mu igitero ku Rutarindwa, akoresha imbaraga ze n’amasezerano kugira ngo ashyireho umwami mushya.
• Yuhi V Musinga: Umwami waje ku butegetsi nyuma y’igitero cyo ku Rucunshu. Yashyigikiwe n’amatsinda y’abashakaga gutsinda Rutarindwa na Kanjogera. Ukuba ku butegetsi kwe kwatangije igihe gishya mu mateka y’u Rwanda.

Igitero

Igitero cyabereye mu karere ka Rucunshu, aho imbaraga zashyigikiwe na Kanjogera n’andi matsinda y’abashakaga gutsinda Rutarindwa yatangije igitero cy’umwaka. Ibintu byihariye by’igitero ntibyanditswe neza, ariko cyarimo igitero gikomeye cyarangije ubutegetsi bwa Rutarindwa. Iki gitero cyarangije ingoma ye kandi gituma Yuhi V Musinga atangira kuba umwami.

Akarere ka Rucunshu kabaye icyicaro cy’amakimbirane. Imbaraga ziyobowe na Kanjogera n’amasezerano ye zitangije igitero gikomeye, gitangiza abashyigikiye Rutarindwa. Intambara ikurikiyeho yari yihuse kandi ikomeye, byarangije kuba urupfu rwa Rutarindwa. Intsinzi y’igitero cyari ikimenyetso cy’ubuhanga bwa Kanjogera n’amakimbirane akomeye mu nzu y’ubwami.

Nk’uko umwanditsi Nyirishema Celestin abitubwira, Umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugili yatanze mu mwaka wa 1895 arashwe mu jisho n’Abashi ubwo yari muri Rusizi, avuye mu bitero byo ku Ijwi. Umurambo we waje gushyingurwa mu irimbi ry’abami n’abagabekazi babo mu Mudugudu wa Nyakavunga, Akagari ka Kigabiro, Umurenge wa Rutare, Akarere ka Gicumbi, mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru.

Ku bw’akagambane ka Nyiramibambwe IV Kanjogera, Umwami Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa yahiritswe ku ngoma ndetse aricwa, himikwa umwana wa Kanjogera witwaga Musinga.

Guhirika ubutegetsi ni byo byabyaye intambara yo ku Rucunshu aho umwami yari atuye, mu Karere ka Muhanga. Ubu bugambanyi, umugabekazi yabufatanyijemo na basaza be Kabare na Ruhinankiko, hamwe n’umutware Rutishereka wari uyoboye umutwe w’ingabo z’Abashakamba, na Rukangirashyamba rwa Kanyamuhungu wari igisonga gikomeye i bwami.

Umwami Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa nawe yari afite abamushyigikiye cyane barimo Rutikanga rwa Nkuriyingoma na Kibaba cya Ndungutse wari ushinzwe kurinda ingoma y’ingabe Kalinga. Harimo kandi abarwanyi kabuhariwe nka Bisangwa bya Rugombituri wayoboraga ingabo z’Inganguzarugo, Mugogo wa Shumbusho wayoboraga ingabo z’Abarasa ndetse na Muhigirwa wayoboraga ingabo z’Inyaruguru.

Aba bantu n’abiru bamwe, bemeraga ko Umwami Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa agomba kuguma ku ngoma kuko yayirazwe byemewe kandi yari yarakorewe imihango yo kwimikwa imbere ya rubanda.

Ibirego bikomeye byaregwaga Umwami Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa byari bishingiye ku mateka n’umuco. Harimo kuba yari akomoka mu muryango w’Abakono uzwiho gutera umwaku abatware babukomokagamo bakapfa urupfu rubi. Ingero z’amateka zagaragazaga ko umugabekazi Nyirarunganzu II Nyabacuzi yari Umukono, yateye umwaku umuhungu we Ruganzu II Ndoli bakicwa nabi. Umugabekazi Nyirayuhi III Nyamarembo wateye umwaku umuhungu we Yuhi III Mazimpaka akaba yiyahuye ku rutare kubera amakaburo.

Nyina wa Kigeli IV Rwabugili, Nyirakigeli IV Murorunkwere nawe wari Umukono, yishwe n’umuhungu we Umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugili amuziza ko atwite. Nyuma yaho, Rwabugili yishe abantu bo mu muryango we ahorera nyina asanze yarabeshyewe, bivugwa ko ari umwaku w’Abakono. Ibyo byose byashyizwe hamwe bavuga ko Umwami Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa atazigera ateza u Rwanda imbere. Mu by’ukuri, icyari kigamijwe kwari ugushaka kwimika umuhungu w’amaraso y’umugabekazi Kanjogera.

Ikindi kirego, berekanaga ko Umwami Rutarindwa yari umwami utazi gufata ibyemezo kandi afite ubumuga bw’umubiri kubera umubyibuho ukabije watumye atava mu nzu, akarwara ibisebe n’amavunja hose. Bamushinjaga ko ingoma yamurambiye kandi atari we wagombaga kuyima rwose. Umwanditsi Alexis Kagame avuga ko Ruhinankiko yamutangarije ko Umwami Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa ashobora kuba yararozwe uburozi butuma aba ikigoryi kuva akimara kwima ingoma ubwo Kigeli IV Rwabugili yari akiriho.

Inkoramutima z’Umwami Rutarindwa zamugiriye inama yo kwikiza abagambanaga ariko we abima amatwi. Muhigirwa ubwe yamugiriye inama yo kwikiza itsinda ryamugambaniraga harimo na basaza ba Kanjogera, Kabare na Ruhinankiko, akabica bose, ingabo zabo zigahabwa abandi, ariko Umwami Rutarindwa arabyanga ngo bitazamuteranya n’umugabekazi.

Ibi bimaze kumenyekana, Umwami Rutarindwa yatangiye kwivumbura abamushyigikiye uruhongohongo. Bisangwa bya Rugombituri yoherejwe mu ntambara i Shangi aho yaguye ku rugamba yicwa n’abasirikare b’Abanyekongo bayobowe na Liyetona Sanglate. Bisangwa yanze guhunga, aravuga ati “Mpunze mva mu mahanga nza mu Rwanda byakumvikana, ariko ko ndi mu Rwanda nahunga ngana he?” Akomeza asatira ingabo za Congo, Liyetona Sanglate aramurasa arapfa. Mbere yo gupfa yaravuze ati “Uwanyoye amata y’i Bwami ayishyuza amaraso.”

Umuvandimwe wa Bisangwa witwaga Sehene yafashe ibye, agira inama Umwami Rutarindwa yo kwica Musinga, umuhungu wa Kanjogera, ngo acyure ijuru ry’i Bwami. Ariko Rutarindwa arabyanga ngo ntashobora kugambanira umuvandimwe udafite icyaha. Amakuru yageze kuri Kabare, ateza abantu bamwica bamunize, arapfa atyo bucece.

Nyuma yaho, abari bashyigikiye Musinga basize bashaka amaboko y’abashyigikira Musinga wari ukiri muto. Bakiyegereza bene Kigeli IV Rwabugili batagize ayo mahirwe yo kwima ingoma. Icyari gisigaye kwari ukwikiza Umwami Rutarindwa, bashoboraga kubikora bamuroze cyangwa bamuta mu gico bakamwica, ariko yari arinzwe n’inkoramutima ze, bahisemo inzira y’imirwano.

Umwami yari atuye i Rukaza ku musozi wa Rucunshu, ategereje ko urugo rushya rw’i Rwamiko hepfo ya Shyogwe rwuzura. Intambara yari yiteguwe ku mpande zombie kandi bimaze igihe. Rurinda uruhande rw’umugabekazi nta ngabo zihagije rwari rufite. Mu gihe gito cy’urugamba, ingabo za Rutarindwa zari zisatiriye inzu yarimo Kanjogera na Musinga. Umugabekazi abibonye, ashaka kwiyahura akica n’umuhungu we Musinga. Ariko Kabare wari aho arababuza, n’ubwo inzu yari yamaze gukikizwa n’ingabo zari ziteguye kwinjiramo zikabica.

Umugambi wari ugeze ku iherezo, umutware Rwamabano rwa Mirimo yazanye ingabo ze z’Abatanyagwa baturutse mu Budaha baje gutabara Umwami. Ariko baje kugwa mu ngabo zo kwa Kabare zibayobya batangira kurwanya iza Rutarindwa, urugamba rusubira inyuma. Ingabo z’Abatanyagwa zateye imbaraga uruhande rwa Kanjogera, zinganya urugamba.

Bigeze aho, Umwami Rutarindwa abona ko amaherezo yageze, yinjira mu nzu hamwe n’umuryango we harimo Umwamikazi Kanyonga n’abahungu be batatu, n’inkoramutima ze zemeye gupfana nawe, inzu iratwikwa bose bapfiramo. Umwami Rutarindwa yatanga atyo.

Kabare yihuse yateruye Musinga wari muto amwereka imbaga ihagaze mu marembo ati “Rubanda dore Umwami w’ukuri, Rubanda yaraze ingoma ni Yuhi Musinga naho Rutarindwa yari yarigize ikigomeke cyihaye ingoma”. Ariko bamubwiye ko ingoma z’ingabe zahiye, asubiza ati “Haguma Umwami naho ingoma irabazwa,” ariko bamubwira ko na Kalinga irimo. Yihuse ajya kuyikura, bayizimisha amata.

Uko guhirika ubutegetsi kwakurikiwe n’intambara zikomeye zasanze Ubwami budafite ingabo zikomeye cyane. Inzo ntambara z’abari baranambye k’Umwami MIBAMBWE IV Rutarindwa, ziswe intambara z’abahinza. Zatumye Ubwami bwitabaza Abazungu bari barageze mu Rwanda, kugirango babafashe gutsinda izo ntambara zashoboraga kubahirika ku ngoma vuba cyane.

Muri make uku niko Umwami YUHI V Musinga yimye ingoma mu mahari n’amahane menshi yatewe n’intambara yo ku Rucunshu, ayitegeka mu ntambara nyinshi kandi ayivayo aciwe n’Ababiligi agwa ishyanga ababaye cyane. Ibi turaza kubibibona.

Ingaruka z’Intambara yo Ku Rucunshu

Ingaruka z’igitero cyo ku Rucunshu zari zizwiho impinduka zikomeye mu buyobozi no mu mibereho y’u Rwanda:

• Ubutegetsi bwa Yuhi V Musinga: Kuba ku butegetsi kwa Musinga byatangije igihe gishya cyo kuyobora. Ingoma ye yagaragajwe n’imbaraga zo gucyemura ibibazo by’ubutegetsi nyuma y’iyo ntambara. Yahuye n’ikibazo cyo gushyira hamwe ubutegetsi no gukemura amakimbirane yagaragaye mu ngoma.
• Imyubakire y’Ubutegetsi: Igitero cyateje impinduka mu nzu y’ubwami n’ubuyobozi. Byerekanye akamaro k’imbaraga z’ubutegetsi mu nzu y’ubwami n’icyubahiro cy’amakimbirane y’ingenzi mu nzu y’ubwami. Ubutegetsi bushya bwagombaga kuyobora ibyo bibazo kugira ngo hongerwe amahoro.
• Ingaruka ku Mihindagurikire y’Ubwami: Ibikorwa byabaye mu Rucunshu byerekanye ikibazo cy’ubwiru n’ubwiyunge bw’ubutegetsi ndetse n’ingorane zishobora guterwa n’uko umwiru ukemangwa. Igitero cyerekanye ko hakenewe uburyo buhamye kandi busobanutse bwo gukemura ibibazo by’ubwiyunge kugira ngo hirindwe amakimbirane nk’ayo mu bihe biri imbere.

Imbuga z’ubutegetsi z’u Rwanda z’igihe kirekire zabaye izihinduka zikomeye kubera intambara yo ku Rucunshu. Ubuyobozi bushya bwa Yuhi V Musinga bwashakaga gukemura ibibazo by’ubutegetsi kandi bushyiraho impinduka zitaratera amakimbirane mu bihe biri imbere.

Umusozo

Intambara yo Ku Rucunshu yari igikorwa cy’ingenzi mu mateka y’u Rwanda cyateye impinduka zikomeye mu myubakire y’ubutegetsi n’icyerekezo cy’ubuyobozi. Byerekana ubwiru bw’ubutegetsi no kwiyongera k’ubutegetsi mu gihugu. Igitero cyerekanye ko hari ibihe bitandukanye kandi bigoye mu gihugu no mu nzu y’ubwami, ndetse bigaragaza ibibazo by’ubwiru.

Intambara yo Ku Rucunshu ishimangira akamaro k’ubuyobozi bukomeye, gukemura ibibazo neza n’ukugira uburyo busobanutse bwo gukemura ibibazo by’ubwiyunge. Ibikorwa byo mu 1896 byagaragaje ikibazo cy’ubutegetsi n’ubwiyunge bikabamo impinduka n’amakimbirane y’ubutegetsi. U Rwanda rugikomeza guhinduka, isomo ryakuwe mu gitero cyo ku Rucunshu riracyafite akamaro, rishimangira akamaro k’ubumwe, amahoro, n’inzego zikomeye kugira ngo igihugu gikomeze gutera imbere no gukomera.

Gusobanukirwa akarere k’ubutegetsi n’abari bagize igitero cyo ku Rucunshu biduha amakuru ku bibazo n’amahirwe byagize ingaruka ku Rwanda. Umurage w’iki gikorwa gikomeye ugaragara mu mibereho y’igihugu kandi ugaragaza ingaruka zikomeye z’ibikorwa by’amateka ku buryo igihugu gikomeza kubaho n’igihe kiri imbere.